The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.